Renewable energy sources are considered as an alternative solution of energetically sustainable "clean" energy. For this reason, renewable energy sources are considered as a primary source option with the aim of increasing their share in energy production and exploitation. Geothermal energy is part of the energy stored in the depths of the Earth that reaches the surface in the form of a warm or hot medium. According to the method of exploitation of geothermal energy in the Republic of Croatia, the capacity of geothermal fields should be examined. Although it is available in large quantities, it is possible to use it in a small amount. The goal is to present an analysis of the exploitation of geothermal energy, its potential and future. Geothermal potential of the Pannonian Basin due to the presence of natural sources of thermal water and numerous research wells is particularly interesting for the needs of geothermal energy production. There are 30 natural sources of thermal water with temperatures up to 70°C. In addition to the Pannonian area and along the Adriatic coast, there is significant potential for the use of shallow geothermal energy. Geothermal energy is an underutilized renewable energy source. From the aspect of increasing energy security and reducing dependence on energy imports, geothermal energy is one of the solutions. The advantage is in availability, utilization factor and predictable and stable energy production.