The subject of this paper is the field of strategic human resources management, which has received exceptional attention during the last two decades, when many factors of the environment of a modern business organization are changing intensively. Starting from the presented research issues, the basic goals of this paper are: to describe certain theoretical and practical aspects of strategic human resources management, to analyze the basic activities of human resources management aimed at achieving and developing organizational capabilities, then to interpret motivational factors in the context of modern business and to show how systematic and thoughtful development of human resources affects the long-term sustainability of an economic entity. During the processing of the research subject, and in accordance with the scope of the topic and the set goals, modern research methods were used in the work. Thus, in order to fulfill the objectives of the work, in addition to the secondary one, an additional - primary research was carried out through a case study where the survey method was used. In this sense, the business case of the company Micronic was presented, with the basic goal of analyzing the strategic management of human resources in the function of long-term sustainability of the business of a specific company. In the end, it was shown that the set objectives of the work were achieved through exhaustive secondary data analysis and the presented findings of empirical research.